In the below sections, we are going to see the components of the CPU and identification.
A Central Processing Unit is a full form of CPU form. It is also called a central processor or main processor. also, It is the electronic circuitry within a computer that executes instructions that make up a computer program.
Secondly, The CPU performs basic arithmetic, logic, controlling, and input/output (I/O) op[erations specified by the instructions.
Registers
Registers are small holding areas of the processor chip. Secondly, Register holds data such as
- Counters,
- Data,
- Instructions,
- Addresses ALU (Arithmetic and Logical Unit).
Processor internal memory caches (L1, L2, L3)
Processor internal memory caches hold data and instructions also, ALU processes these instructions and data.
Busses
Basically, Busses are a component in the CPU that carries data and instructions. There are 3 kinds of buses in CPU:
- Front Side Bus (FSB)
- Internal Bus
- Back Side Bus
Processor Frequency (Speed)
Processor frequencies are the speed at which a processor operates internally.
What CPU Needs To Work
CPU needs the following 5 things to work:
voltages
There are voltages like DDR power, VTT power (system), CORE voltage & GFX voltages are used.
Power Good
Power Good is confirming the signal to inform the CPU that all power is stable.
RESET
RESET is a signal which clears all junk information.
CLOCK
The clock is a timing signal in form of frequency.
DMI
Firstly, the DMI bus gets activated after the CPU receives all the above signals. Then DMI bus access PCH.
You can also check for other kinds of checks that need to motherboard run.
Identification Of Intel CPU
A sSpec number is a specification number. It’s a fixed character string printed on the processor and used for identification. Secondly, By looking at the markings on the processor you can find the sSpec number. Moreover, SL36W and XL2XL are some of the examples of sSpec numbers.
You can also check how to identify components in the laptop motherboard which will be useful when you open the motherboard of the laptop/desktop for finding the CPU.
CPU Types And Sockets
Motherboards are subcategorized by the type of processor socket they have. Secondly, The processor socket (also called a CPU socket) is the connector on the motherboard that houses a CPU and forms the electrical interface and contact with the CPU. Finally, There is their type of CPU sockets are given below:
1. PGA :
In this PGA-type processor, sockets use a pin grid array (PGA). Secondly, we say their socket is PGA where pins on the outside of the processor are connected to holders in the processor socket.
2. LGA :
Land Grid Array (LGA) is a type of surface-mount packaging for CHIPS that is notable for having the pins on the socket (when the socket is used) rather than the integrated circuit. An LGA can be electrically connected to a printed circuit board (PCB) either by the use of a socket or by soldering directly to the board.
3. BGA :
Ball grid array (BGA) is a type of surface-mount packaging ( a chip carrier) used for integrated circuits. Second, BGA packages are used to permanently mount devices such as processors.
CPU Generations And Sockets
CPU generations get change according to the years they were manufactured. So there are given below CPU sockets and their generation Intel code names and supported PCH.
1. LGA 775 :
LGA 775 is a dual-core, core 2 due or quad-core CPU. It is used in
- G31,
- G41 motherboard.
2. LGA 1156 :
LGA 1156 is the core 1st generation CPU. Secondly, It is also called Westmere or Clarkdale. It is used in
- H55,
- P55,
- H57,
- Q57 motherboards.
3. LGA 1155 :
LGA 1156 is the 2nd and 3rd generation CPU. Secondly, It is also known as Sandy Bridge or Ivy Bridge. It is used in
- H61,
- H67,
- P67,
- Z68,
- B75,
- Q75,
- Z75,
- H77,
- Q77,
- Z77 motherboards.
4. LGA 1150
LGA 1150 is the 4th and 5th generation CPU. It is also known as Haswell or Broadwell. It is used in
- H81,
- B85,
- Q85,
- H87,
- Z87,
- Z97,
- H97 motherboards.
5. LGA 1151
LGA 1151 is used for 6th generation up to 9th generation CPU.
6th generation Skylake CPU uses :
- H110,
- B150,
- Q150,
- H170, and
- Z170 motherboards
7th generation Kaby Lake uses :
- B250,
- Q250,
- H270,
- Z270 motherboards.
8th generation Coffee Lake / Ice Lake CPU uses :
- H310,
- B365,
- B360,
- H370,
- C246,
- Q370,
- Z390 motherboards.
Types of sockets:
1. mPGA478MT (Socket M)
mPGA478MT socket uses intel core solo, intel core duo, intel dual-core Xeon, and intel core 2 duo processors.
2. mPGA478MN (Socket P)
mPGA478MN socket uses intel core 2 processors.
3. Socket 479
Socket 479 socket uses Intel Pentium M and Intel Celeron M processors.
4. Socket 478MB
Socket 478MB socket uses Celeron Pentium 4 Pentium 4-M processors.
5. Core I CPU Sockets
rPGA989, rPGA988A, rPGA988B are some of G1,G2,G3 generations sockets names.
So in this way, we learned about components of the CPU and identification.
Also can do hot and cold testing which is part of doing laptop chip level repairing or desktop chip level repairing.
Thank you for your visit.